HV 


UC-NRLF 


SB    ESfl 


ie  Newark 
Lynching 

CAUSES  and  RESULTS 


AN  ADDRESS 


Delivered  by 

'  AYNE  B.  WHEELER,  Esq. 

Superintendent  of  Ohio 

and  Attorney  of  the 
Anti-Saloon  League  of  America 


At 

Westerville,  Ohio 
November  17,  1910 


PUBLISHED  BY 

he  American  Issue  Publishing  Co. 
Westerville,  Ohio 


THIS  ADDRESS 

Was  delivered  by  Mr. 
Wheeler  at  the  Superintend- 
ents and  Workers  Confer- 
ence of  the  Eastern  and 
Central  Districts  of  the 
Anti-Saloon  League  of 
America,  held  at  Wester- 
vd'liej  OJito,ii>JqtWfbi>r  •!  5- 
1*8,  1910*  and  'is' published 
of  tftai'.Cori* 


THE  NEWARK  LYNCHING 

An  Address 

By  WAYNE  B.  WHEELER,  Esq. 

The  lynching  of  Officer  Carl  Ether - 
ington,  at  Newark,  was  the  logical  re- 
sultant of  years  of  permitted  and  of- 
iicially  protected  lawlessness.  For 
many  years  before  the  county  voted 
"dry,"  the  regulative  liquor  laws  on 
the  statute  books  were  not  enforced. 
An  attempt  was  made  at  one  time  to 
enforce  the  Sunday  Closing  law,  but  it 
was  unsuccessful.  The  liquor  interests 
not  only  were  organized  to  defy  the 
law,  but  gained  such  control  of  the 
city  that  the  officials  protected  them 
in  their  lawlessness. 

Liquor     Dealers     Admit     a     "Working 

Agreement"  With  Mayor. 
Mayor  Atherton  had  been  elected 
several  times  in  that  city,  backed  by 
the  law  -  breaking  element,  and  he 
gave  them  official  protection.  The 
term  used  by  the  law-breakers  for  this 
anarchistic  arrangement  was  called  a 
"working  agreement."  By  turning  to 
page  27  of  the  1910  Brewers'  Year 
Book,  you  will  find  a  statement  to  the 
effect  that  the  liquor  dealers,  prior  to 
the  date  when  the  county  voted  "dry," 
had  a  working  agreement  with  the 
mayor  not  to  enforce  certain  of  the 
laws  and  ordinances.  In  other  words, 
the  liquor  dealers  admitted  that  under 
the  regulative  system,  which  was  in 
force  before  the  county  option  election, 


o  i  \  i  \ 


•  Uie:  -"lay/.s1  AXXT'O  hot  or.i'orced,  and  the 
officers  agreed  to  it.  Secret  service 
officers  learned  from  the  joint  keepers 
and  the  dives  that  in  figuring  up  their 
income  and  their  expenses,  they  count- 
ed a  certain  number  of  dollars  per 
week  for  administrative  protection. 
Mayor  Ath- 
erton  had  re- 
ceived sup- 
port and  oth- 
er  favors 
from  these 
law-breakers 
so  long,  that 
he  was  afraid 
to  enforce  law 
against  them. 
He  knew  that 
if  he  did,  they 
might  give 
the  facts  a- 
bout  him,  and 
he,  in  turn, 
would  suffer. 


Mayor  Atherton, 

Responsible      for      the 
Lynching. 


For  considerable  time  before  the 
lynching,  secret  service  officers  were  in 
Newark  in  close  touch  with  the  offi- 
cials. Their  reports  read  like  a  story 
from  the  lowest  pit  of  the  under- 
world, rather  than  an  account  of  the 
action  of  officers  in  a  civilized  com- 
munity. These  signed  reports  show 
the  almost  unbelievable  conditions 
which  existed  in  that  city. 

A  secret  service  officer  visited  a 
speakeasy  the  day  before  the  rioting 
and  lynching,  and  when  he  complained 
2 


of  the  quality  of  the  beer  served,  the 
bartender  replied:  "Why,  the  mayor 
drops  in  here  and  drinks  that  kind  of 
beer  every  day,  so  it  ought  to  be  good 
enough  for  you." 

Mayor    and     Police    Encouraged     Law- 
Breakers. 

The  mayor  was  perfectly  at  home  in 
the  houses  of  ill  repute,  according  to 
the  testimony  of  the  inmates,  and  in 
some  of  these  places  he  was  called  by 
the  familiar  nickname  of  "Hub." 
These  denizens  of  the  under-world 
seemed  to  be  pleased  with  the  way 
they  were  treated  under  the  Atherton 
administration,  as  they  said  they  were 
never  compelled  to  pay  any  fines.  This 
was  probably  because  of  the  money 
paid  by  these  houses  for  police  pro- 
tection. 

Quite  naturally,  the  police  were  as 
blind  as  the  mayor  to  law  violations 
when  the  saloon  gang  and  the  gam- 
blers were  the  violators.  Before  the 
lynching  a  secret  service  officer  in 
conversation  with  a  policeman,  said: 
"I  would  ask  you  to  have  a  drink  with 
me  were  you  not  on  duty."  "That 
makes  no  difference,"  was  the  reply, 
"we  go  anywhere  wre  please."  The 
same  policeman  directed  the  secret 
service  officer  where  he  could  find  a 
faro  bank  and  other  gambling  resorts, 
and  after  taking  a  drink  of  whisky 
with  him,  proceeded  to  cover  his  beat. 
Even  when  the  mob  was  lynching  Of- 
ficer Etherington,  a  policeman  ordered 
some  men  on  the  outskirts  of  the  mob 
3 


to  "move  011"  but  paid  no  attention  to 
the  lynching. 

Facts  Showing   Newark's  Shame. 

On  Sunday,  preceding  the  riot  and 
lynching,  a  special  officer  was  in  a 
Newark  speakeasy  and  after  ordering 
a  drink  asked  about  playing  the  elec- 
tric piano.  "Certainly,  play  it,"  said 
the  proprietor,  "what  do  you  suppose 
we  pay  $10  a  week  protection  money 
for?" 

That  the  houses  of  ill  repute  were 
also  held  up  for  protection,  was  proved 
by  a  secret  service  officer  who  wormed 
himself  into  the  confidence  of  an  in- 
mate of  one  of  these  houses  on  the 
pretense  that  he  was  thinking  of  start- 
ing a  rooming  house,  and  wanted  an 
estimate  of  what  it  would  cost.  The 
woman  of  her  own  free  will  wrote  out 
the  following  estimate  based  on  the 
cost  of  the  house  in  which  she  was 
staying: 

Eight  room  house   $800 

Parlor  set  175 

Revenue  license   25 

For    protection    to    Newark    police 
(each  month)    25 

From  this  it  is  seen  each  house  paid 
$300  a  year  for  protection. 

For  years  Newark  was  the  paradise 
of  the  gambler.  All  kinds  of  games 
were  run  openly  and  the  limit  was  re- 
moved. Members  of  the  gambling  fra- 
ternity flocked  there  from  as  far  as 
New  York  and  Chicago.  As  one  of  the 
city  officials  under  Atherton  put  it, 
"You  never  saw  such  a  good  town  in 


your  life  for  sport;    it  is  a  little  New 

York." 

A  Certificate  of  Iniquity. 

A  secret  service  officer  with  years 
of  experience  in  the  large  cities  of  the 
country,  after  an  investigation  into 
Newark  conditions  while  that  city  was 
under  the  control  of  the  saloon  gang, 
had  this  to  say  of  the  town: 

"I  made  the  rounds  of  the  saloons. 
I  had  expected  to  find  a  number  of 
places  open  but  was  not  prepared  to 
meet  the  scenes  I  witnessed  on  every 
hand.  PJverywhere  was  a  shocking 
disregard  of  state  laws  and  city  ordi- 
nances, and  in  some  of  the  places  I 
visited  there  were  situations  more 
shocking  than  I  had  ever  witnessed 
even  in  the  vice  quarters  of  our  largest 
cities." 

In  each  of  the  dozen  places  visited 
he  found  from  ten  to  thirty  persons 
lined  up  at  the  bar  drinking,  many  of 
them  boys  in  their  teens,  and  all  with- 
out any  regard  for  the  laws  supposed 
to  govern  the  community.  In  these 
places  were  picture  machines  showing 
the  filthiest,  vilest  and  most  obscene 
pictures  the  imagination  can  conceive. 

A  short  time  before  the  lynching  of 
Etherington,  Mayor  Atherton  made  the 
rounds  of  a  number  of  speakeasies 
drinking  liquor.  The  mayor  talked 
freely  with  various  men  regarding  the 
"wet*'  and  "dry"  situation  in  Newark. 
One  man  told  the  mayor  of  a  conven- 
tion of  some  kind  which  would  not 
come  to  Newark  because  the  town  was 
"dry."  "Why  didn't  you  tell  them 
something?"  said  the  mayor.  In  sev- 


eral  saloons  the  mayor  talked  with 
bartenders  and  proprietors  regarding 
the  expected  raids,  rumors  of  which 
were  all  about  town.  The  mayor  said 
he  did  not  believe  there  was  anything 
in  the  rumors,  but  advised  the  saloon- 
keepers to  be  cautious  until  the  storm 
blew  over,  which  he  thought  would  be 
in  a  few  days.  This  was  the  day  be- 
fore the  raids  and  lynching. 
Prize  Fights  and  White  Slave  Traffic. 

On  July  4th,  four  days  before  the 
lynching,  a  prize  fight  was  pulled  off 
in  the  center  of  Newark.  The  fight 
was  promoted  by  one  of  the  saloon- 
keepers who  ran  the  town,  and  the 
mayor.  When  the  saloonist  was  asked 
if  the  mayor  allowed  prize  fights,  the 
answer  was,  "Yes,  we  can  do  anything 
here  if  we  want  to."  Two  fights  were 
pulled  off  that  afternoon. 

From  evidence  secured  by  the  detec- 
tives, it  seems  that  Newark  did  con- 
siderable business  in  the  white  slave 
traffic,  and  several  girls  were  brought 
to  the  town  from  as  far  away  as  West 
Virginia.  There  was  a  close  alliance, 
if  not  a  working  agreement,  between 
the  houses  of  ill  repute  and  the  sa- 
loons managed  by  the  men  who  also 
controlled  the  city  administration. 

On  July  5th,  three  days  before  the 
lynching,  when  there  were  rumors  of 
raids,  Bolton,  the  recognized  leader  of 
the  saloon  gang,  declared  he  would  not 
close  his  saloon,  neither  would  he  go 
to  jail  or  pay  a  fine.  Bolton  explained 
by  saying  the  sheriff,  prosecuting  at- 
G 


torncy,  mayor  and  police  force  were 
friends  of  his  and  would  refuse  to  lock 
him  up,  and  referring  to  Judge  Seward, 


Judge   beware!. 

said:  "Seward  will  get  put  out  of 
business  in  a  day  or  two  if  he  keeps 
this  up." 

Evidence   of   Graft. 

A  Newark  official  under  Atherton 
was  telling  a  friend  of  the  graft  in 
the  administration.  Among  the  soft 

7 


jobs,  he  mentioned  the  one  held  by  the 
captain  of  police.  The  captain,  he 
said,  only  got  $90  a  month  but  the  job 
is  good  for  $3,000  a  year  easy.  The 
chief  of  police,  he  said,  received  $1,500 
a  year,  but  his  job  is  worth  $4,000  or 
$5,000.  Then  this  official  went  on  to 
tell  of  the  saloons,  gambling  houses 
and  houses  of  ill  repute,  all  of  them 
paying  tribute  to  the  administration. 
The  official  closed  by  remarking  to  a 
bystander,  "I  will  take  you  around  in  a 
night  or  two  and  show  you  some  real 
sights.  You  never  saw  a  real  sporty 
town  until  you  came  to  Newark." 

After  sizing  up  Newark  under  the 
domination  of  the  saloon  gang,  headed 
by  Bolton,  a  secret  service  man  with  a 
prophetic  vision  said  a  few  days  before 
the  raid:  "All  the  hell  and  lawlessness 
is  here  and  easy  to  be  found.  But 
look  out  if  you  bump  these  fellows. 
They  will  shoot  to  kill.  They  will  in- 
jure, intimidate  and  murder.  Yes,  I 
say  murder." 

The  long  arm  of  the  gang  reached 
the  county  court  house  and  had  its 
grip  on  the  sheriff.  Before  the  raids, 
the  prisoners  in  the  county  jail,  if  they 
were  known  to  be  "wet"  sympathizers, 
received  favor.  It  was  this  same 
Sheriff  Linke,  who,  on  the  night  of  the 
lynching,  when  the  mob  gathered  in 
front  of  the  jail,  facetiously  remarked, 
"that  is  some  mob."  But  when  the 
mob  attacked  the  jail,  the  sheriff  did 
not  lift  a  hand  in  defense  of  the  build- 
ing and  the  prisoners. 
S 


Bolton    Defies    the    Mayor. 

One  of  the  worst  law-breakers  in 
that  county,  who  ran  a  speakeasy,  and 
is  now  (Dec.  1,  1910)  under  indictment 
for  lirst  degree  murder,  showed  the 
relationship  of  the  law-breaking  ele- 
ment to  the  mayor  shortly  before  the 
lynching.  He  became  irritated  at  the 
mayor  because  the  mayor  offered  to 
give  police  protection  to  a  traveling 
salesman  who  was  being  assailed  by 
some  law-breakers.  He  walked  into 
one  of  the  principal  hotels  where  the 
mayor  happened  to  be  at  the  time,  and 
called  him  every  vile  name  which  the 
English  language  could  manufacture. 
He  then  turned  to  those  present  and 
said,  "You  don't  hear  him  denying  it, 
do  you?"  The  mayor  was  afraid  to 
order  him  arrested.  He  had  been  their 
servile  agent  and  tool  for  so  long,  that 
he  dare  not  raise  his  hand  to  protect 
either  life  or  property  when  the  law- 
breakers of  the  city  told  him  "to  keep 
hands  off. 

It  is  very  manifest  that  with  such  a 
mayor,  the  police  department  was  not 
only  inclined  to  encourage  but  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  same  policy  which  the 
mayor  had  sanctioned  and  encouraged. 
The  condition  at  Newark  does  not  dif- 
fer much  from  the  average  saloon  city 
in  this  country  where  the  liquor  deal- 
ers dictate  the  policy  of  law-enforce- 
ment. If  we  could  get  at  all  the  facts, 
we  would  be  able  to  prove  in  practi- 
cally every  "wet"  city  of  the  country: 


Condition    in    Every   "Wet"    City. 

First:  That  the  regulative  laws  in 
"wet"  territory  are  enforced  less  hon- 
estly than  the  prohibitory  laws  in 
"dry"  territory. 

Second:  That  there  are  more  speak- 
easies in  the  "wet"  territory  than  in 
"dry"  territory. 

Third:  That  the  policy  which  per- 
mits and  sanctions  the  liquor  traffic, 
encourages  and  increases  lawlessness; 
while  the  policy  which  prohibits  the 
'liquor  traffic  decreases  and  eventually 
almost  eliminates  open  lawlessness. 

We  must  not  expect  that  a  traffic 
whose  whole  history  shows  its  in- 
herent lawlessness,  will  become  sud- 
denly law-abiding,  when  the  county  or 
any  other  unit  of  government  votes 
"dry."  When  Licking  county  voted 
"dry"  by  a  majority  of  about  800,  any 
person  who  was  familiar  with  the 
facts,  anticipated  trouble.  The  timid 
good  were  naturally  fearful.  A  goodly 
portion  of  the  citizenship  cried,  "Peace, 
peace,  or  we  will  have  bloodshed." 
Brave  Men  Make  a  Stand. 

A  few  determined  citizens  said, 
"There  can  be  no  peace  here  in  this 
city  and  county,  which  is  to  be  pur- 
chased at  the  price  of  silence,  in  the 
presence  of  lawlessness.  While  it  has 
been  permitted  in  the  past,  and  law- 
lessness has  been  the  rule,  we  will 
never  be  stronger  to  face  organized 
law-breaking  than  at  present."  These 
law-abiding  citizens  met  and  organiz- 
ed a  Law-Enforcement  League.  They 
10 


fought  against  terrific  odds.  They 
found  many  people  in  Newark  making 
the  usual  mistake  of  thinking  the 
light  over  at  the  close  of  election 
day,  when  the  saloons  were  voted  out. 
This  was  the  real  beginning  of  the 
struggle,  for  often  it  is  easier  to  vote 
saloons  out  than  it  is  to  enforce  law7 
against  them.  In  addition  to  the  fact 
that  the  city  administration  was  op- 
posed to  the  enforcement  of  the  law, 
the  press  in  one  instance  was  indif- 
ferent, and  in  the  other  its  influence 
was  thrown  against  the  building  up  of 
public  sentiment  favorable  to  the 
"dry"  cause,  or  law-enforcement.  The 
first  steps  taken  were  the  ordinary 
ones  to  appeal  to  the  officers  of  the 
law  to  do  their  duty. 

The  mayor  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  any 
appeal  to  him  to  fulfill  his  oath  of 
office  and  do  the  work  for  which  he 
was  paid.  His  hands  were  tied  by  his 
past  record. 

The  county  prosecutor  whose  special 
duty  it  was  to  enforce  law,  was  then 
appealed  to  and  he  had  ample  means 
at  his  command  for  gathering  evidence 
and  prosecuting  law-breakers.  He 
played  with  the  proposition  just 
enough  to  mislead  some  fairly  good 
people  for  many  months.  Then  it  be- 
came so  manifest  that  he  was  neglect- 
ing to  do  his  duty  that  the  County 
Law-Enforcement  League  realized  that 
they  must  take  the  matter  into  their 
own  hands  and  take  the  initiative. 
They  appealed  to  the  Anti- Saloon 
11 


-League  to  send  them  secret  service 
officers  to  gather  the  evidence.  A  storm 
of  protest  from  the  lawless  element 
arose  against  this  because  they  were 
outsiders,  as  if  an  offense  is  less  a 
crime  when  uncovered  by  a  citizen  not 
a  resident.  Men,  who  frequented  the 
speakeasies  were  subpoenaed  before  the 
Grand  Jury,  being  oft'  guard,  they  told 
the  truth  in  many  instances  and  some- 
thing like  forty  indictments  were  re- 
turned for  illicit  selling  of  liquor. 
However,  between  the  adjournment  of 
the  Grand  Jury  and  the  trial  before 
the  judge  some  of  the  witnesses  dis- 
appeared, others  forgot  their  story  or 
learned  a  new  one,  or  so  weakened 
their  evidence  that  an  unwilling  prose- 
cutor secured  only  a  few  convictions. 
This  hurt  the  cause.  It  disheartened 
the  "dry"  forces  of  the  county.  The 
opposition  press  pointed  out  that  a 
great  burden  had  been  incurred  by  the 
taxpayers  without  any  results. 

Next  the  League  sought  out  men 
who  lived  in  the  city  who  would  dare 
to  secure  the  evidence  and  go  on  the 
witness  stand.  They  found  them  and 
one  would  have  supposed  they  would 
be  commended  for  this  volunteer  ser- 
vice in  detecting  crimes.  But  not  so. 
As  the  trial  day  drew  near,  one  was 
caught  at  night  in  the  outskirts  of  the 
city  by  three  men  and  beaten.  Twice 
on  the  day  of  trial  were  witnesses 
struck  in  the  corridor  of  the  court 
house  within  forty  feet  of  the  judge's 
bench.  Another  was  held  up  at  the 

12 


noon  hour  and  warned  not  to  appear 
in  court  that  afternoon.  He  did  ap- 
pear. That  night  the  fruit  trees  in  his 
rear  yard  were  girdled  and  his  grape 
arbor  destroyed.  The  home  of  the 
league's  attorney  was  visited  and  his 
door  and  windows  were  broken  in  with 
brick  bats  and  cobble  stones.  Threat- 
ening letters  against  active  workers 
multiplied,  and  the  president  of  the 
League  on  his  way  home  one  night 
was  held  up  by  Lewis  Bolton  and 
cursed  and  bitterly  threatened,  and 
two  weeks  later  in  the  early  evening 
was  assaulted  and  badly  beaten  within 
twleve  feet  of  his  door.  For  several 
months  this  desultory  warfare  was 
carried  on.  Threats  were  made  against 
the  common  pleas  judge  of  the  county. 
Beer  bottles  were  thrown  through  his 
windows  at  night  time.  It  was  the  be- 
ginning of  a  reign  of  terror.  It  closed 
in  the  tragedy  of  the  lynching  of  Of- 
ficer Etherington.  These  law-breakers 
were  so  well  organized  that  many  of 
the  secret  service  officers  were  ap- 
proached openly  with  offers  to  buy 
them  off  after  the  evidence  was  se- 
cured. 

As  a  last  resort  it  was  decided  at  a 
conference  between  James  White,  one 
of  the  League's  attorneys,  and  Mr.  J. 
H.  Miller,  chairman  of  the  Law  and 
Order  League,  that  we  get  a  force  of 
secret  service  officers  from  a  point  so 
far  distant  from  the  city  of  Newark 
that  it  would  be  difficult  for  the  liquor 
dealers  to  learn  of  their  coming,  or  to 

13 


J.    H.    Miller, 

Head  of  Law  and 

Order  League. 


reach  them  after  they  had  secured 
the  evidence. 
Arrangements 
were  made  for 
twenty  secret 
service  offic- 
ers from 
Cleveland  to 
come  to  Lick- 
ing county 
and  be  sworn 
in  as  officers 
of  the  law  by 
the  mayor  of 
Granville,  and 
serve  war- 
rants upon 
four  or  five  of 
the  worst  liq- 
uor joints  in 
the  city.  After  the  usual  delays  and 
difficulties  which  had  to  be  met,  these 
men  were  given  police  authority  to 
make  the  raids. 

On  their  arrival  at  Newark,  they 
found  conditions  even  worse  than  they 
anticipated.  The  law-breakers,  think- 
ing the  raid  was  going  to  be  made 
against  them  sooner  or  later,  organiz- 
ed to  resist  it.  The  force  of  twenty  of- 
ficers were  divided  up  into  three  com- 
panies. Captain  Fort,  as  he  was  call- 
ed, with  three  other  men,  proceeded  to 
Lewis  Bolton's  saloon  or  speakeasy, 
and  no  sooner  had  they  entered  until 
it  seemed  simultaneously  a  mob 
gathered  at  the  place.  The  Bolton 
place  looked  more  like  an  arsenal  than 
14 


an  ordinary  speakeasy.  Fire-arms 
were  stored  in  it,  with  the  threat  that 
if  an  attempt  was  made  to  raid  it, 
there  would  be  cold  lead  put  into  the 


Lou    Bolton's   Saloon. 

man  who  made  the  attempt.  At  once 
there  was  a  clash,  and  Bolton's  partner 
or  bartender  assaulted  Captain  Fort 
and  cut  an  ugly  wound  in  his  forehead. 
15 


The  blood  spurted  over  the  affidavit 
and  the  search  warrant  until  it  looked 
as  though  the  whole  warrant  had  been 
printed  in  blood.  The  officers  kept 
their  heads,  and  by  sheer  physical 
force  took  two  of  the  men  who  had 
led  in  the  assault  across  the  way  to  the 
county  jail,  thinking,  of  course,  they 
would  be  held  there  under  the  charges 
filed  against  them. 

The  deputies  in  charge  of  the  jail 
refused  to  accept  one  of  them,  and 
turned  the  other  one  loose  before  the 
officers  could  get  back  to  the  place  of 
the  raid.  Captain  Fort  stepped  across 
the  way  to  the  hotel  to  get  a  room,  to 
bind  up  his  wound,  but  at  the  dictation 
of  Bolton,  the  law-breaker,  the  clerk 
denied  him  admittance.  The  chief  of 
police,  who  had  come  up  to  Bolton's 
saloon  during  the  trouble,  in  the 
presence  of  the  mob,  asked  these  offi- 
cers what  they  were  doing.  They 
showed  him  their  authority  to  act,  and 
the  warrants  which  they  were  serving 
as  officers  of  the  law,  with  the  same 
power  to  act  that  any  sheriff  or  police- 
man in  the  county  had.  Yet  in  spite 
of  this  well  recognized  authority,  the 
chief  of  police  said  to  these  men,  "You 
have  no  business  here,  you  ought  to 
leave."  This  encouraged  'the  mob,  and 
left  the  special  officers  practically 
helpless.  A  short  time  afterwards, 
the  chief  of  police,  with  other  officers, 
called  the  patrol  wagon  and  arrested 
twelve  of  the  twenty  special  deputies, 
and  took  them  to  the  city  prison.  The 

16 


tVv    rrinViiiing  officers  knew  it  was  re- 
treat or  sudden  .violence. 

Officer  Etherington  and  his  men  were 
raiding  a  joint  some  distance  from  the 
Bolton  saloon.  They  attempted  to  re- 
treat and  avoid  further  trouble.  The 
mob  started  after  them  and  chased 
them  two  miles  before  the  shooting 
occurred.  Mr.  Howard,  the  saloon- 
keeper who  was  shot,  ran  a  joint  some 
distance  from  the  central  portion  of 
the  city.  They  had  not  been  near  his 
place  that  day,  but  when  the  mob 
were  passing  near  by  the  joint,  in  spite 
of  the  protest  of  his  wife,  he  joined  in 
the  pursuit,  and  being  a  little  fresher 
than  the  others,  finally  overtook 
Etherington  near  the  city  limits.  He 
seized  him  by  the  collar  and  began 
b'eating  him  over  the  head  with  a 
blackjack  and  would,  doubtless,  have 
killed  him  had  not  Officer  Etherington 
pulled  a  revolver  and  shot  Howard  in 
self  defense.  Two  by-standers  said  to 
Etherington,  "We  are  officers,  sur- 
render yourself  and  you  will  be  taken 
to  the  county  jail  and  there  protected." 
Exhausted,  he  surrendered  his  weapon 
and  they  took  it  and  beat  him  over  the 
head,  and  doubtless  would  have  killed 
him  at  once  had  it  not  been  for  the 
timely  interference  of  some  citizens 
who  were  standing  by.  He  was  taken 
to  the  county  jail,  and  from  that  time 
on,  the  city  was  in  the  hands  of  the 
mob.  The  officers  of  the  city  knew  it, 
and  yet  refused  the  means  that  were 

17 


provided  to  give  the  prisoner  protection. 

The  mayor  of  the  city  was  accused 
of  actually  encouraging  the  mob. 
After  he  had  been  besieged  by  many 
people,  he  finally  stepped  out  before 
the  mob,  and  in  a  puerile,  pusillani- 
mous appeal  asked  them  to  go  home 
and  be  good.  They  simply  laughed  at 
him;  he  had  played  with  lawlessness 
so  long,  the  law-breakers  had  no  con- 
fidence in  any  statement  which  he 
would  make.  The  sheriff  of  the  county,, 
whose  duty  it  was  to  protect  the  pris- 
oner, and  to  call  for  help  if  he  could 
not  do  so,  remained  inactive,  and  when 
the  mob  was  battering  down  the  jail 
door,  a  woman  called  from  the  jail 
window  to  give  her  his  gun  and  she 
would  see  that  the  mob  did  not  get 
into  the  jail.  That  jail  is  built  so  that 
a  single  officer  from  the  inside  with 
proper  fire-arms  could  prevent  any  jail 
delivery.  But  Sheriff  Linke,  with  a 
liquid  spine,  stood  there  and  permitted 
this  lawlessness  in  his  very  presence. 

As  soon  as  the  mob  entered  the  jail,, 
they  had  easy  access  to  young  Ether  - 
ington.  He  was  beaten  and  kicked  and 
cuffed  and  hammered  on  the  head  with, 
a  large  hammer,  until  he  was  practi- 
cally dead  before  he  was  strung  up. 
You  read  in  some  of  the  daily 
papers  that  he  stood  on  a  block  with 
the  rope  around  his  neck  and  delivered 
an  address  to  young  men  present,  ad- 
vising them  not  to  become  secret 
service  officers,  as  he  had  done.  There 
is  not  a  word  of  truth  in  it.  He  could 
18 


not  have  made  a  speech  had  he  wanted 
to,  he  was  beaten  practically  into  in- 
sensibility when  they  reached  the  pole 
from  which  he  was  hanged.  When  he 
was  being  taken  from  the  jail,  he 
was  asked  by  one  of  the  men  whether 
he  had  anything  to  say,  and  he  replied, 
^'Tell  my  mother  that  I  died  trying  to 
do  my  duty."  This  was  the  message 
sent  back  to  his  old  Kentucky  home. 
The  mob  intended  to  lynch  Ethering- 
ton  in  the  Court  House  Square,  but  the 
trees  were  so  large  they  could  not 
climb  them  to  throw  the  rope  over  the 
limb.  The  leaders  then  said,  "Let's 
take  him  down  to  Judge  Seward's 
yard  and  hang  him,  and  then  hang 
Judge  Seward,"  (the  only  county  official 
who  had  done  his  duty,)  and  I  believe 
they  would  have  done  so  had  the  plan 
not  been  diverted  by  a  false  alarm. 
When  they  swung  out  into  the  street 
on  their  way  to  the  judge's  home,  the 
crowd  that  had  been  near  the  city 
prison  learned  that  the  jail  had  been 
entered  and  Etherington  seized.  They 
came  up  the  street  at  double  quick. 
The  tramp  of  their  feet  sounded  some- 
thing like  the  tramp  of  the  militia. 
All  evening  rumors  had  gone  out  that 
the  militia  were  on  their  way  to  New- 
ark, and  some  one  called  out,  "The 
militia  is  coming."  One  of  the  leaders 
said,  "Well,  we  will  hang  him  up  here," 
and  they  did  so.  He  hung  there  almost 
twenty  minutes  before  any  officer  or 
any  one  else  removed  him.  While  this 
disgraceful  tragedy  was  going  on,  ac- 
19 


cording  to  the  mayor's  own  statement, 
he  was  home  and  in  bed. 

The  chief  of  police,  whose  duty  it  is 
to  enforce  law,  by  evidence  produced, 
shows  that  he  was  in  a  corner  saloon 
playing  cards.  Other  police  officers 
were  silent,  or  covertly  encouraging 
the  law-breakers.  After  Etherington 
was  lynched  every  effort  possible  wa& 
made  by  the  League  to  save  the  other 
secret  service  officers,  but  just  before 
midnight,  when  the  mob  was  at  the 
height  of  its  fury  those  derelict  city 
officials  turned  the  twelve  officers  into 
the  street,  first  taking  their  fire-arms, 
from  them  and  telling  them  to  get  out. 
of  town  the  best  way  they  could.  It  is- 
simply  miraculous  that  any  of  them 
escaped,  but  by  scattering  in  different 
directions  and  going  into  the  country,, 
and  waiting  for  trains  at  little  towns 
and  interurban  stations,  they  came' 
back  to  the  city,  and  by  noon  the  next 
day,  League  headquarters  at  Columbus, 
knew  that  all  but  one  or  two  of  them 
were  safe. 

In  the  morning  papers  the  League- 
charged  that  Mayor  Atherton  was  pri- 
marily responsible  for  the  lynching  be- 
cause he  had  refused  to  do  his  duty 
and  enforce  the  law.  A  storm  of  pro- 
test came  up  from  the  liquor  journals 
of  the  state,  charging  the  Anti- Saloon 
League  with  being  responsible  lor  the 
lynching.  Scores  of  anonymous  let- 
ters and  threatening  articles  appeared 
in  the  papers,  and  even  editorial  de- 
mands upon  the  governor  to  appoint  a 

20 


•  .ummittee  to  investigate  the  practice 
of  the  League  of  using  secret  service 
«»iik-i-rs.  The  secretary  of  the  Brewers' 
Vigilance  Committee,  and  officers  of 
the  Personal  Liberty  League  broke  in- 
to print  at  once  charging  the  League 
with  being  the  primary  cause  of  the 
disturbance,  and  using  the  incident  as 
the  reason  why  the  county  option  law 
should  be  amended  or  repealed. 

If  the  temperance  people  had  not 
been  prepared  for  some  such  emergency 
as  this,  it  might  have  been  a  blow  to 
the  temperance  cause.  In  the  first 
place  if  the  law  giving  jurisdiction  to 
a  number  of  officers  in  the  county  to 
enforce  the  law  had  not  been  enacted 
the  city  would  have  remained  abso- 
lutely in  the  grip  of  the  law-breakers 
with  not  even  a  chance  to  start  a 
fight  against  them. 

Had  the  temperance  forces  not  se- 
cured the  passage  of  the  Blind  Tiger 
law  to  raid  these  speakeasies,  they 
could  not  have  made  anything  like  a 
creditable  showing  even  though  a 
goodly  number  of  officers  had  jurisdic- 
tion to  try  the  case  after  the  evidence 
was  secured. 

If  there  had  not  been  laws  on  the 
statute  books  of  Ohio  to  provide  for 
the  removal  of  derelict  officials,  such 
as  the  mayor  and  sheriff,  that  city  and 
county  would  still  be  in  the  hands  of 
official  law-breakers,  and  anarchy 
would  still  control  the  city. 

When  charges  were  filed  against  the 
mayor,  and  the  sheriff,  and  these  men 

21 


realized  the  kind  of  evidence  which 
they  would  have  to  face,  when  it  came 
to  the  hearing,  even  the  liberal  element 
joined  in  the  effort  to  get  them  to  re- 
sign, fearing  the  effects  of  the  hear- 
ing. The  officers  finally  resigned  before 
any  hearing  occurred.  The  mayor  left 
the  county  and  the  state,  and  went 
to  California.  In  the  words  of  the 
facetious  poet: 

"True  patriot  he  as  patriot  should, 
Left  his  country  for  his  country's  good." 
Results  of  the  Lynching. 

The  lynching  at  Newark  was  a  ter- 
rible price  to  pay  for  bettering  the  con- 
ditions of  that  community,  but  there 
is  no  sane  man  but  will  admit  .that 
Newark  is  in  infinitely  better  condition 
from  every  viewpoint,  and  especially 
from  the  standpoint  of  law-enforce- 
ment, than  at  any  time  in  its  history. 
Immediate  Results. 

The  new  mayor,  Hon.  John  Ankele,  has 
taken  hold  of  the  situation  with  a  de- 
termination to  do  his  duty.  Several  of 
the  derelict  policemen  have  been  re- 
moved and  better  men  put  in  their  places. 
The  prohibitory  law  is  far  better  enforc- 
ed in  Newark  today  than  the  regulative 
laws  in  the  average  "wet"  city  of  Ohio. 
It  proves  that  a  mayor,  or  any  other  of- 
ficer, can,  when  he  is  so  inclined,  en- 
force the  law.  It  is  not  a  question  of 
ability  in  most  cases,  it  is  simply  a 
matter  of  inclination. 

Lynchers  Apprehended. 

Following    the    lynching,    the    grand 
jury    made    a    rigid    investigation    and 
22 


«>\fi-  Uvt-nty  indictments  were  returned 
tor  first  degree  murder,  and  more  than 
twenty  for  assault  and  battery,  riot- 
ing and  lesser  offenses.  At  the  request 
of  the  Governor  of  the  state,  the  at- 
torney general  of  Ohio  took  charge  of 
the  investigation,  and  Mr.  William 
Miller,  first  assistant  attorney  general, 
has  been  on  the  job  most  of  the  time. 
About  a  dozen  cases  have  been  tried 
on  indictments,  and  in  every  instance 
thus  far  there  have  been  convictions, 
or  pleas  of  guilty.  Montelle  Watha  was 
the  first  of  the  lynchers  tried  for  mur- 
der. He  was  convicted  of  man- 
slaughter and  sentenced  to  20  years  in 
the  penitentiary.  It  will  probably  be  a 
year  before  all  the  cases  are  disposed  of. 

Indirect    Results. 

Business  conditions  are  much  better 
than  they  have  been  for  a  long  time. 
Mills  and  factories  are  running,  most 
of  them  to  their  fullest  capacity. 
Dwellings  for  rent  are  almost  impos- 
sible to  find,  and  even  the  local  un- 
sympathetic paper,  The  Newark  Ad- 
vocate, points  out  that  Newark  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition,  and  is  looking 
forward  to  the  future  with  larger  hope 
than  ever  before.  The  whole  com- 
munity is  beginning  to  realize  that  the 
largest  financial  prosperity  for  a  com- 
munity is  based  upon  sound  public 
morality  and  the  policy  of  law-en- 
forcement. This  means  that  the  saloon, 
and  its  silent  partner,  the  speakasy, 
must  move  out. 

23 


Civic    Awakening. 

It  has  loosened  party  ties  in  a 
.strong  partisan  county  so  that  men 
who  have  always  voted  a  straight 
ticket,  realize  the  future  welfare  of 
that  county  is  to  be  determined  by 
men  who  will  rise  above  partisanship, 
and  vote  for  officers  who  will  do  their 
duty  as  legislators  and  executives.  At 
the  recent  election,  the  "wet"  candi- 
dates all  ran  behind  their  ticket  in  the 
county,  and  the  "dry"  candidates  ahead 
of  their  party  ticket.  The  advice  given 
them  by  the  grand  jury  is  wholesome 
and  is  having  its  effect. 

The  grand  jury  in  making  its  report, 
said: 

"We  are  constrained  to  say  in  this 
report  that  while  these  officers,  who, 
by  reason  of  their  absolute  failure  to 
perform  their  duty,  are  responsible  for 
the  lawlessness  and  rioting  which  oc- 
curred upon  that  day,  yet  this  fact 
brings  some  censure  to  the  citizens  of 
Newark  and  Licking  county,  clothed 
with  authority  as  electors  should  feel 
responsible  for  the  election  of  public 
officers. 

Had  the  citizens  of  Licking  county 
elected  a  competent  man  to  the  office 
of  sheriff,  this  lynching  would  never 
have  occurred. 

Had  the  electors  of  the  city  of  New- 
ark elected  a  competent  man  to  the 
office  of  mayor,  the  scenes  of  lawless- 
ness in  this  city  on  the  8th  day  of 
July  would  never  have  been  enacted. 

Had  there  been  a  competent  man  at 
the  head  of  the  police  force,  no  acts  of 
lawlessness  and  disorder  would  have 
been  committed.' 

It  is  further  disclosed  in  this  in- 
vestigation that  the  sheriff,  mayor  and 
chief  of  police  did  not  favor  law-en- 

24 


forcement,  and  that  they  were  under 
the  control  and  domination  of  a  law- 
less element  from  which  the  mob  was 
composed  that  perpetuated  these  out- 
rages against  the  law. 

If  the  law  is  to  remain  supreme,  it 
must  be  enforced.  Unfortunately,  un- 
der the  laws  of  this  state,  cowardice 
and  incompetency  are  not  crimes, 
therefore,  as  against  these  officials  no 
criminal  indictments  are  returned,  and 
the  recurrence  of  such  conduct  on  the 
part  of  public  officials  can  only  be  pre- 
vented by  the  selection  of  honest, 
courageous  and  competent  men  to 
public  offices." 

THE  LYNCHING  HAS  LOCATED 
THE  RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  LAW- 
LESSNESS WHERE  IT  BELONGS, 
UPON  THE  LIQUOR  DEALERS. 

Judge  Seward,  in  charging  the  grand 
jury  which  investigated  the  lynching, 
had  this  to  say: 

"The  court  ventures  to.  say  that  the 
immediate  cause  of  the  terrible  tragedy 
was  the  fact  that  quite  a  number  of 
men  engaged  in  the  retail  liquor  busi- 
ness in  this  county,  made  up  their 
minds  to  disregard  and  prevent  the 
enforcement  of  a  law  on  that  subject, 
passed  by  both  houses  of  the  legisla- 
ture, approved  by  the  governor  and 
ratified  by  a  majority  of  more  than 
700  of  the  legal  voters  of  the  county. 
An  attempt  by  some  of  the  citizens  to 
enforce  this  law  resulted  in  an  assault 
on  witnesses  almost  in  the  immediate 
presence  of  the  court;  in  an  assault 
upon  attorneys  who  were  assisting  in 
the  prosecution  of  the  case;  in  an  as- 
sault upon  the  house  occupied  by  the 
court;  in  threats  of  death  and  destruc- 
tion of  the  homes  and  loved  ones  of 
those  who  were  engaged  in  the  prose- 
cution, if  they  did  not  desist,  and  final- 
ly in  the  shooting  of  Howard  and  the 
lynching  of  Etherington." 

25 


The   Tolerated    Lawless    Liquor   Traffic 
Leads    to    Anarchy. 

The  lynching  at  Newark  has  im- 
pressed upon  every  thoughtful  citizen 
the  fact  that  the  longer  the  lawless 
liquor  traffic  is  tolerated,  the  harder 
it  is  to  bring  it  under  the  control  of 
the  law.  The  saloon  is  the  school  - 
house  for  lawlessness;  it  educates  its 
constituency  to  regard  lawlessness 
lightly.  It  is  the  rendezvous  of  the 
criminal.  Every  city  in  the  United 
States  that  permits  the  liquor  traffic  to 
violate  law,  is  headed  in  the  direction 
of  anarchy  and  scenes  such  as  were 
enacted  at  Newark.  When  some  out- 
break comes  which  turns  this  lawless 
horde  loose  upon  the  community,  it  is 
far  wide  of  the  mark  to  say  that  it  just 
happened,  or  that  the  immediate  in- 
cident which'  brought  on  the  riot  was 
the  sole  cause.  It  comes  as  the  re- 
sultant of  a  tendency  which  has  been 
permitted  by  the  people,  under  the 
false  notion  that  evil  can  be  regulated 
better  than  it  can  be  eliminated.  The 
longer  a  source  of  evil  and  lawlessness 
remains,  the  greater  will  be  the  con- 
flict when  an  effort  is  put  forth  in  good 
faith  to  put  an  end  to  it.  When  law- 
abiding  citizens  face  this  task,  and 
officials  give  protection  to  law-break- 
ers, there  is  a  conflict.  The  people  will 
be  divided  into  two  classes,  one  stand- 
ing for  law  and  order  and  the  other 
for  lawlessness.  The  sympathizers  of 
the  liquor  traffic,  "wet"  papers,  and 
cheap  politicians,  will  try  and  shift  the 
26 


blame  for  the  conflict  upon  those  who 
stand  for  law  and  order.  This  is  an 
old  trick  on  the  part  of  those  who 
stand  for  wrong  things.  Ahab  led 
Israel  into  the  depths  of  sin  and  shame 
and  then  charged  Elijah  with  troubling 
Israel.  Paul  preached  righteousness 
until  his  hearers  could  stand  it  no 
longer,  and  then  they  arrested  Paul 
and  hired  Tertulus  (who  I  think  was  a 
speakeasy  lawyer)  to  prosecute  him, 
charging  him  with  being  a  pestilent 
fellow,  and  a  mover  of  sedition  among 
the  Jews. 

The  Prince  of  Peace  said,  "I  come  not 
to  send  peace  but  the  sword."  The 
history  of  every  great  reform  move- 
ment shows  it  is  useless  to  expect  any 
great  iniquity  to  be  overthrown  with- 
out a  conflict.  Evil  can  never  be  re- 
moved by  letting  it  alone.  An  aggres- 
sive effort  must  be  made  against  it. 

The   Policy  of  the  Anti-Saloon   League. 

The  Anti- Saloon  League,  through 
these  laws  and  their  enforcement,  does 
not  try  to  import  alien  morality  upon 
cities  like  Newark,  as  suggested  by  an 
article  in  the  November  Cosmopolitan. 
Nor  does  it  try  to  make  men  good  by 
law.  The  whole  effort  is  to  try  and 
prevent  the  government  from  perpetu- 
ating a  system  which  makes  men  bad, 
and  lawless,  by  law.  Every  sane  man 
realizes  that  you  cannot  make  potatoes 
grow  directly  by  using  paris  green,  but 
you  put  paris  green  on  the  potatoes  to 
kill  the  bugs  so  the  potatoes  can  have 
27 


a  fair  chance  to  grow  when  the  bugs 
are  killed. 

These  local  option  and  p  rohibitory 
laws  kill  the  saloon  bugs  in  a  com- 
munity, and  give  the  boys  and  the  girls 
a  fair  chance  to  grow  up  into  the 
stature  of  sober,  upright,  law-abiding 
manhood  and  womanhood.  Such  con- 
flicts against  wrong  and  lawlessness 
for  a  time  bring  on  troublesome  days, 
but  conditions  will  never  be  better  un- 
til the  root  of  the  lawlessness  is  elimi- 
nated. Agitation  may  reveal  the  fact 
that  we  have  a  low  standard  of  official 
ability  and  citizenship  in  a  community, 
but  the  source  of  crime  attacked,  and 
not  the  attack  itself,  or  the  method  of 
attack,  produce  low  standards.  The 
agitation  against  graft  in  this  country 
does  not  increase  graft,  it  simply  re- 
veals it  and  ultimately  eliminates  it. 

A    Call    for    Militant    Manhood. 

Newark  has  not  had  a  cleaner  gov- 
ernment for  years  than  it  has  had 
since  the  riot,  and  the  moral  awaken- 
ing caused  by  the  riot  is  the  real  cause 
of  improvement  in  the  local  govern- 
ment. To  remove  an  intrenched  evil, 
always  brings  conflict.  More  than  one 
good  citizen  will  die  with  his  boots  on 
In  these  fights  to  sustain  law,  and  root 
out  evils  like  the  liquor  traffic,  but  this 
is  no  reason  why  a  patriotic  citizen 
should  shirk  his  duty.  The  days  of 
the  martyr  have  not  gone  by,  and  the 
time  will  come  when  the  brave  men 
who  are  leading  the  fight  for  law  and 

28 


order  and  the  suppression  of  vice,  will 
be  looked  upon  as  public  benefactors, 
and  the  men  who  are  excusing  vice 
and  trying1  to  place  the  blame  for  the 
conflict  in  these  storm  centers  upon 
those  who  stand  for  law  and  order, 
will  be  forgotten.  Unless  law  is  sus- 
tained and  enforced,  government  itself 
will  cease  to  endure.  The  call  to  patri- 
otic duty  was  never  clearer  in  the 
sixties  than  it  is  today.  Lawlessness 
and  anarchy  must  and  will  be  stamped 
out  by  the  stalwart  citizenship  of  the 
state  and  nation. 

Law-Abiding  Citizenship  Not  Developed 
Quickly. 

The  Newark  lynching  is  but  an- 
other illustration  of  the  fact  that  a 
high  grade-citizenship  is  not  developed 
in  a  day,  or  a  year,  or  even  a  decade. 
It  is  the  resultant  of  long  years  of  ef- 
fort on  the  part  of  good  citizens  to 
eliminate  wrong  and  safeguard  right 
tendencies. 

It  is  strange  how  greatly  two  cities 
may  differ  although  separated  only  by 
a  short  distance.  How  different  the 
history  of  Newark  and  Granville.  Is  it 
not  significant  that  the  college  town 
of  Granville,  only  six  miles  from  New- 
ark, has  the  honor  of  being  the  place 
where  the  first  temperance  society 
west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains  was 
formed.  It  was  also  at  Granville  that 
the  first  anti-slavery  convention  was 
held  in  the  western  reserve.  For  thirty 
years  Granville  has  not  had  a  saloon 
and  it  was  the  mayor  of  that  munici- 

29 


pality  long'  nutured  in  the  best  in- 
fluences of  the  church  and  state,  who 
issued  the  warrants  which  led  to  the 
tragedy  that  sounded  the  death  knell 
of  Newark's  lawlessnes. 

Had  the  first  settlers  of  Newark 
been  as  thoughtful  of  the  moral  wel- 
fare of  -the  town  as  were  those  who 
settled  at  Granville  where  the  first 
structure  was  a  church  in  which  to 
worship,  the  recent  tragedy  would 
never  have  occurred.  Years  passed  in 
Newark  after  the  first  settlers  came 
before  a  church  could  be  established. 
The  first  pastor  sent  out  by  a  mis- 
sionary society  in  1803  was  dragged  out 
of  his  bed  at  the  log  Inn  by  some 
drunken  rowdies  who  had  gathered  for 
a  horse  race,  who  demanded  that  he 
go  to  the  bar  and  drink  with  them,  or 
they  would  duck  him  under  a  pump,  an 
example  of  which  they  proceeded  to 
give  by  using  one  of  their  drunken 
number.  He  escaped  from  them  and 
went  to  the  home  of  the  only  Presby- 
terian family  in  the  town,  a  very  poor 
family,  and  slept  the  remainder  of  the 
night  upon  the  floor. 

When  we  stop  to  consider  the  ten- 
dencies which  were  set  in  motion  from 
the  very  beginning  in  these  two  com- 
munities and  their  result,  we  can 
readily  see  the  importance  of  every 
community  using  its  utmost  endeavor 
to  secure  and  develop  the  highest  pos- 
sible grade  of  citizenship.  Newark 
today  is  in  marked  contrast  to  the 
Newark  of  the  past.  She  has  been  re- 
30 


deemed  even  though  at  an  awful'  costj  * 
and  now  enjoys  freedom  she  has  never 
known.  The  change  is  agreeable  to  the 
people,  and  they  are  impressing  on  the 
city  and  county  officials  that  never 
again  will  the  old  order  be  tolerated. 

Organized    Righteousness    a    Necessity. 

Another  lesson  which  the  Newark 
lynching  teaches  is  that  there  must  be 
an  organization  of  the  friends  of  law 
and  order  in  every  community  and 
every  loyal  citizen  should  give  such  an 
organization  his  influence  and  support. 
Too  often  many  good  meaning  people 
who  want  the  laws  enforced  are  not 
willing  to  do  their  reasonable  part  in 
supporting  those  whom  they  have 
chosen  to  carry  forward  their  plans. 
The  lawless  element  will  take  alarm 
when  the  law-abiding  people  learn  to 
stand  together  and  demand  that  the 
law  shall  be  obeyed.  The  education 
of  public  sentiment  to  want  tem- 
perance laws  is  just  the  beginning. 
The  securing  of  the  law  to  eliminate 
saloons  or  to  give  the  people  the  right 
to  do  so  is  but  a  second  advance  step. 

When  the  saloons  are  voted  out  the 
work  is  only  about  half  done.  To  en- 
force that  sentiment  which  has  been 
crystallized  into  law  is  the  supreme 
test  of  the  program  for  the  solution  of 
the  saloon  problem.  With  an  agency 
in  the  state  like  the  league  which  co- 
operates effectively  with  these  local 
organizations,  and  presents  a  compre- 
hensive program  for  the  securing  and 
enforcing  of  law,  the  temperance 
31 


movement  will  not  be  as  our  enemies 
claim,  a  spasmodic,  unstable  effort 
moving  forward  and  receding  with 
each  wave  of  sentiment.  A  business- 
like, sane  plan  such  as  the  League 
presents  will  bring  each  year  its  ad- 
vancement until  the  last  vestige  of  the 
liquor  traffic  has  been  removed. 

The  Newark  lynching  should  also 
impress  upon  every  temperance  worker 
that  if  we  are  going  to  successfully 
cope  with  the  lawless  liquor  traffic  in 
cities,  within  the  borders  of  counties  or 
states  that  have  voted  "dry,"  we  must 
provide  for  law-enforcement  machin- 
ery to  handle  extraordinary  situations, 
such  as  the  friends  of  law  and  order 
met  in  this  case. 

Revival    of    Activity   for    Law    Enforce- 
ment. 

There  should  be  a  revival  for  law- 
enforcement  all  over  this  country. 
Through  it  we  will  catch  the  Lincoln 
vision  of  the  necessity  and  importance 
of  this  work.  He  put  it  as  follows: 

"Let  reverence  for  law  be  taught  in 
schools  and  colleges,  be  written  in 
primer  and  spelling  books,  be  pub- 
lished from  the  pulpits  and  proclaimed 
in  legislative  halls,  and  enforced  in 
the  courts  of  justice.  In  short,  let  it 
become  the  political  religion  of  the 
Nation."  % 

In  closing  I  would  say;  Let  us 
teach  it,  talk  it,  write  it,  and  print  it. 
until 

"The  sovereign  law,  the  states'  collect- 
ed will, 

Shall    sit   as    Empress,    crowning   good 
and    repressing    ill." 

32 


Newark,  O.,  Nov.  30th.  1910. 
The  undersigned  have  read  the  fore- 
going address,  and  we  hereby  certify 
that  the  statements  made  as  to  the 
conditions  in  Newark  are  substantially 
correct. 

J.  H.  MILLER,  Atty., 
President   Law   and   Order   League   of 
Licking  county. 

DR.  J.  A.  BENNETT, 
Pastor  Fifth  St.  Baptist  Church,  New- 
ark. 

ANDREW  S.  MITCHELL,  Atty. 
Secretary  of  Law  and  Order  League  of 
Licking  county. 


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